Relative Measurement is the character spacings that are linked to type size which means that their relationships are defined by a series of relative measurements.
Points is the units of measurements used to measure the type size of a font.
Picas are units of measurements equal to 12 points that is commonly used for measuring lines of type.
X-height is the heights of a lowercase x and all other case letters.
The em is a unit of measurement used in a type setting to define the basic spacing functions, and equals the size of a given type.
The en is a unit of relative measurement equal to half of one em.
Dashes (hyphen, en, em)- em and en are used in punctuation to provide a measurement for dashes. And en is half of an em where a hyphen is 1/3 of an em.
Justification has three different values for type settings: minimum, maximum and optimum. In justified type, word spacing on separate lines is irregular, unlike range left type where all lines have the same spacing.
Flush left is when all of the type lines up evenly to the left margins.
Flush right is when all of the type lines up evenly to the left margin; this is much harder to read.
Letterspacing adds spaces between letter forms to open up words and make it easier to read.
Kerning removes spaces between characters.
Tracking is the adjustments of space between characters.
Word spacing is the spacing adjustments between words.
Widow is a lone word at the end of a pharagraph.
Orphan is the final one or tow lines of a paragraph separated from the main paragraph to form a new column.
Leading is a printing term that refers tot the strips of lead that were inserted between text measures in order to space them accurately. They are specified in points and it allows the characters to "breathe" so that it can be read easily.
Indentation provides the reader with an easily accessible entry point to a paragraph.
Hanging indent is similar to a running indent (which is an indentation from the left or right margin, which affects several text lines) except the first line of the text is not indented.
First-line indent is the text that is indented from the left margin in the first line of the second and subsequent paragraphs.
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